Opened die from Löffelholz-Codex (Nuremberg 1505) With the splinters having been sanded off, the remaining parts were reassembled, encased in a makeshift mold of clay, and molten metal poured into the mold, so that an identical replacement could be made on the spot. When a wooden part broke, it usually snapped, ripped, or tore. This development eventually led to a complete replacement of wood parts with metal parts of an identical measure. Some nuts and bolts were measured by the foot or yard.
As the loads grew ever heavier, bigger and stronger bolts were needed to resist breakage. While modern nuts and bolts are routinely made of metal, this was not the case in earlier ages, when woodworking tools were employed to fashion very large wooden bolts and nuts for use in winches, windmills, watermills, and flour mills of the Middle Ages the ease of cutting and replacing wooden parts was balanced by the need to resist large amounts of torque, and bear up against ever heavier loads of weight. Car mechanics, for example, use chasers on spark plug threads, to remove corrosion and carbon build-up. However they still fit tighter than actual fasteners, and are fluted like regular taps and dies so debris can escape.
Chasers are made of softer materials and don't cut new threads. Because of this, machinists generally clean threads with special taps and dies-called chasers-made for that purpose. However, using an ordinary tap or die to clean threads generally removes some material, which results in looser, weaker threads. The process of cutting or forming threads using a tap is called tapping, whereas the process using a die is called threading.īoth tools can be used to clean up a thread, which is called chasing. A die is used to cut or form the male portion of the mating pair (e.g. A tap is used to cut or form the female portion of the mating pair (e.g. Many are cutting tools others are forming tools.
Taps and dies are tools used to create screw threads, which is called threading. Tap in a wrench for creating female threads (left), and die in a wrench for creating male threads (right).
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